What Is Price Gouging

Steve Jobs And The History Of Apple - 1501 Words

Everyone knows about Steve Jobs and the history of Apple. Apple is a worldwide known business that is arguably one of the most popular in the technology industry today. Things like the IPhone, IPod, and Macbook are some of the most popular products but that is not where things started. Steve Jobs was one of the entrepreneurs that started apple and is the most widely known. Things did not always look so pretty however. Steve Jobs was a good friend of Steve Wozniak. They joined together to create a computer. They were inspired to build something all people could afford. In the article, â€Å"History of Apple, 1976-2016: The story of Steve Jobs and the company he founded† it says, â€Å"Jobs met Woz at the Homebrew Computer Club; a gathering of†¦show more content†¦It was to really show the people around me, to boast, to be clever, to get acknowledgement for having designed a very inexpensive computer’† (Rawlinson). This was all just to show people a comput er did not have to be expensive. It proved that computers could be affordable for all. Wozniak was happy with what he had produced, although Jobs saw otherwise. â€Å"The Woz we know now has a larger-than-life personality - he s funded rock concerts and shimmied on Dancing with the Stars - but, as he told the Sydney Morning Herald, ‘I was shy and felt that I knew little about the newest developments in computers.’ He came close to ducking out altogether, and giving the Club a miss. Let s be thankful he didn t. Jobs saw the computer, recognised its brilliance, and sold his VW microbus to help fund its production. Wozniak sold his HP calculator, and together they founded Apple Computer Inc on 1 April 1976† (Rawlinson). Thanks to Steve Jobs ability to see what was there, Apple was founded and given the ability to what we see Apple is today. Although Apple does make many profits, it has succeeded in its original company goal. Which is, as the article, â€Å"Steve Jo bs: An Extraordinary Career† states, ‘We started out to get a computer in the hands of everyday people, and we succeeded beyond our wildest dreams.’-Steve Jobs (Entrepreneur Staff)†. This is one of the reasons Apple is so successful. It created a product thatShow MoreRelatedApple : The Technologically Advanced, Controversial Company1045 Words   |  5 PagesApple: The Technologically Advanced, Controversial Company On April 1, 1976, Steve Jobs and Steven Wozniak invented the technology company, Apple. These two brilliant inventors invented the billionaire company after dropping out of college. Though Apple provides its customers with advanced products, Apple has many controversies that affect its economic stability as well as the company’s reputation. The Focus of Apple The main focus of Apple’s mission statement is to provide its customers withRead MoreApple Inc. s Crisis Management Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Apple Inc., the world s largest IT company. It has the great reputation for its products by people in hot pursuit. Apple Inc. also has a legendary history of development. However, Apple Inc.’s history of development was not that smooth because it suffered a lot of crises. Apple Inc. continues to show its unique approach and tenacious vitality in those crises, besides, it has spent a lot of time on the crisis management and done a lot of excellent work. Ultimately, Apple Inc. overcomesRead MoreSteve Wozniak : The Founder Of Apple1223 Words   |  5 Pages Steve Wozniak is know in the business world, for having one of the best creation, successful technology based companies. He is the co-founder of Apple computers joined with his best friend Steve Jobs. Steve Wozniak developed the hardware design and operating system for the very first Apple computer available for commercial sale. His wonderful engineering and business features resulted in the very well known worldwide c omputer phenomenon Apple. Yet fellow consumers knew much about WozniakRead MoreApples Success And Success1409 Words   |  6 PagesAPPLE SUCCESS METHODS 1 APPLE SUCCESS METHODS Success is a goal of every business. There are few companies that enjoy success the way Apple, Inc does. Fortune Magazine does an Annual ranking of the best companies by revenue known as the Fortune 500. Making it into these top 500 companies is somethin g that is truly to be coveted as being listed among this shows that you are part of the most successful business. In 2015, Apple made it into the Fortune 5 (Fortune 500 List) . MeaningRead MoreThe Life of Steve Jobs1303 Words   |  5 PagesSteve Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco, California on February 24th, 1955. He was born to Joanne Schieble, and Abdulfattah Jandali. Both of them were graduates of the University of Wisconsin. Unfortunately, they gave the unnamed (Steve)son up for adoption. His father, Abdulfattah Jandali, was a Syrian political science professor and his mother, Jonne Schieble worked as a speech therapist. Later after they gave Steve up for adoption the married couple had another child, Mona Simpson. It was notRead MoreSteve Jobs Role For Shaping The Modern Technology1219 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Steve Jobs role to shape the modern technology General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: I want my audience to know the role of co-founder and ex - Leader of the Apple Company, Steve Jobs for shaping the modern technology Thesis Statement: The three aspects of technology in which the Steve Jobs contributed hugely with breathtaking innovation and idea are: Music, Personal Computing and Smart Phone. Introduction I. [Attention getter] How many of you in this class has owned any Apple CompanyRead MoreSteve Jobs : A Engineer Of The Highest Calibre1602 Words   |  7 Pagesperson? That person was Steve Jobs, the famous inventor and co-founder of Apple. He was born in San Francisco, California on February 24, 1955 and died on October 5, 2011. Most people know Steve Jobs for his work at Apple and his â€Å"Stevenotes,† which were his keynote speeches where he introduced new products and technologies. Throughout his life, he accomplished many admirable things. Steve Jobs is admirable because of his help in starting Apple Computer, his work at starting Apple and saving it from goingRead MoreA Report On The Work Experience And Life Of Apple Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesCONTENT 1. Acknowledgment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. History of Apple†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.1.Macbook†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4.2. NeXT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4.3. NeXT and Apple†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4.4. ipod 4.5. ipad†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to everyone who gave meRead MoreApple Case Study1088 Words   |  5 PagesPlease divide Apple s history into periods and trace the changes in business models that took place over these periods. Apple history is explained in the case history from 1972 – 2006. Apples history is described below, reflecting on the changes in Business Model (how the company generated revenue). The Beginning years, 1976 – 1985: Apple was founded in 1976 and they built a computer circuit board named the Apple I. Within span of 4 years they went to IPO with the help of Venture capitalistRead MoreThe Apple Inc. Company1325 Words   |  6 PagesResearch The Apple Inc. is a multinational corporation that creates electronics, personal computers, computer software, and commercial servers, and is a distributor of media content. The company also sells and delivers digital content through iTunes and the App store.The founders of Apple are Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. Apple was founded April 1st, 1976, and incorporated January 3rd, 1977 in Cupertino, California. To learn about the history of Apple, it was important for me to

Process Improvement Strategically Important

Question: Discuss about the Process Improvement Strategically Important. Answer: Introduction With the change in market environment, managing operations has changed tremendously in both manufacturing and service organisations. After the economic downturn suffered by major economies of the world, the focus of business organisations have expanded from research, development and product development to their operations and process. To lure customers, organisations are not only focusing towards their unique market offerings, but also towards their operations and processes as a source of competitive advantage and give their customers the benefit of reduced costs (Power, 2010). Price wars are now common among organisations belonging to similar industry. Hence, operations and process management has gained strategic importance for managers in current business scenario. Amazon.com, Inc. founded in 1994 as Earths biggest bookstore has expanded to become Earths biggest everything store. With the annual revenue of $136 billion, the company is focusing on expanding its product, services and market reach with the help of its low-cost and high convenience logistics operations (Morning Star, 2017). The company offers an online purchasing platform for books, movies, home furnishings, apparels and other innumerable products on a global scale. It operates through International, North America, and Amazon Web Services (AWS) segments. In addition to providing a platform to manufacturers to sell their products, it also manufactures and sells electronic items (Vault, 2017). Strategic Role of Operations Management Operations management entrails managing activities aimed towards production and delivery of products and services to the organisations end consumers. It comprises of all those activities required to fulfil customer requirements right from sourcing the raw material or other products from suppliers to transporting the finished goods to the customers. While operations management is responsible to ensure that the support activities are carried out in a manner that they help in smooth functioning of organisation, it works in harmony with the other two core organisational functions viz. marketing and finance, for achievement of broader organisational needs (Slack et al., 2013). However, with advancement in technology, decentralization of operations, globalisation of markets and increased consciousness among organisations towards environmental issues, organisations are refining and redefining their production and quality strategies thereby brining operations management at the forefront (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2012). The changing business environment like increase in cost-based competition, large number of choices, high quality expectations, ethical sensitivity, etc. is shaping new operational goals for organisations. As such, organisations are prompting operational responses to these changes through globalisation of their operations networks, supply chain management, adopting lean process designs and integrating information-based technologies in their operations (Slack et al., 2013). This has positioned operations and process management as an area of strategic importance for organisations to gain competitive edge. As a result, organisations are adopting techn iques like supply chain management, total quality management and others to successfully link their internal functions with operations of external suppliers and supply chain members so as to enhance their product and service quality along with business performance (Agus and Hajinoor, 2012). While operations and process management has gained strategic importance from the organisation perspective through use of different process frameworks that support cost minimization and resource optimization, it is also gaining similar importance from customer perspective. Operations are now supplemented with emotional intelligent and algorithms in the form of emotional process mapping, journey mapping and experience maps that allow organisations to carve customized experience for its users (Edelman and Singer, 2015). This furthers helps organisation to become customer centric thereby leading to high customer engagement, good experience and enhanced loyalty. Operations management at Amazon.com B2C online retail store and creating a value proposition that leads to unmatchable customer experience lies at the heart of Amazon.com. As such, the company has leveraged Toyotas lean management principles, Six sigma, robotics, data analytics combined with customer insights in its operations, to deliver unprecedented online shopping experience to its customers (Wohlsen, 2014). As an online retailer, the basic activities at Amazon include stocking the items at Amazons massive warehouses known as fulfilment centers. Once an order is received, the product is located, packed and transported for delivery. However, Amazon has combined technology and principle of operations management to do this task in a manner that not only ensure minimum error but also reduced lead time. The company uses scanners and trackers to track the product location in warehouse, computer programmes are used to generate shortest route to pick the product at minimum possible time. Conveyor belts are used to move ite ms across the floor, computer-aided packing area determines optimal box size, packaging material and tape to be used to pack the products. The boxes are again packed in a manner to maximize the space used inside the cargo area. Thus, the use of technology has helped Amazon to reduce the cycle time to 15 minutes (Bixby, 2015). Amazon has adopted both the principles of lean management and six-sigma to generate customer value and provide satisfactory experience to its customers. Lean management may be defined as an approach that maximizes customer value through minimizing waste. It shifts the focus of management to optimize the flow of products or services throughout the value stream thereby creating processes that require less human and capital resources (Bamford and Forrester, 2010). At Amazon, the implementation of lean management was undertaken at its fulfilment centers through automation. As a result, the complex tasks were reserved for humans and machines acted as a support system. This allowed the company to produce defect-free packaging of products only automating the repetitive steps of the process. It also implemented Kaizen to maximize productivity and quality of its services (Onetto, 2014). Amazon has embraced Six Sigma approach in its operations and processes to ensure the quality of its service s through reduction of errors. As a part of its Six sigma initiative, it uses process mapping that indicates different process of the company with the help of flow charts and helps to identify inefficiencies the operations and processes. This further helps in achieving enhanced customer satisfaction before and after the consumption of services (Crosson and Needles, 2011). Further, Amazon.com uses an enterprise resource planning system that not only supports its operations but also its financial and management activities. The ERP uses data from multiple resources that allows the company to gain knowledge of different activities and operations like inventory management, supply chain, and others carried out at the company for continuous improvement throughout the organisation (Crosson and Needles, 2011). Though these operational management principles are largely responsible for Amazons success, the company also faced challenges in their implementation and creation of highly complex sof twares to support the lean, six-sigma and kaizen processes. The companys engineers still face problems in integrating numerous performance indicators in their systems that consumes time, efforts and other resources. Nonetheless, the combination of technology, data analytics, operations management principles and ERP contributed in increasing the companys speed of service, cost reduction and vast market offering that led to creation of competitive advantage in terms of fast deliverables, low value pricing and vast range of offering. Good Process Design: Important Factors For smooth running of an organisation, the importance of good process design cannot be undermined. A good process design reflects process objectives and ensures the achievement of organisational objectives with the help of processes. It is characterised by attributes like quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. A process possessing these attributes is highly optimized process as it entails low processing cost, low resource costs, low working capital costs, on-time services, short customer waiting, less disruptions and ability to cope with unexpected changes (Slack, 2008). At Amazon, the strong logistics and supply chain processes are the major determinants of customer experience. The mix of automation and human resources in its processes ensure error-free services. On the retail front, the site design, functionality, personalisation and purchase ecosystem offer leading-class speed and ease of purchasing. Further, the company generates user engagement by enabling them to track their delivery and allowing them to decide in the delivery date, time and payment option. All these processes add up to create customer experience and outcomes that are valuable. Emotional Process Mapping and Customer Experience Map An important aspect of designing good process is mapping the process that are required to be completed in the organisation to deliver the final good to the customer. It also helps to ensure that activities that make a particular process are properly understood and managed to deliver appropriate services to its customers (Accounts Commission, 2000). Amazons process map is given as follows: However, over the years, the concept of process mapping has evolved to include emotions thereby providing them with a customer perspective. As such, customer experience maps and emotional process mapping has emerged as key components of operations management. Customer experience mapping holds critical importance for Amazon as it is instrumental in determining the organisations success. Customer experience map represents an illustration defining the steps that a customer goes through while engaging with an organisation. With increase in touchpoints between the customer and the organisation, the importance and need to map customer experience increases (Richardson, 2010). Amazon uses its intimate knowledge of customer touchpoints to create a significant and long-lasting impact on its customers. It effectively utilizes its online retail stores to interact with its customers starting from selection of product to making the purchase transaction. Its foremost touchpoint, its website uses its layout, algorithms and text to communicate knowledgeably with its customers (KPMG nunwood, 2015). As a part of its customer experience mapping, Amazon uses proactive personalization that uses information gathered from past experiences and current database to customize shopping experiences (Edelman and Singer, 20). While, it is only the first step in the process, the next step is to use the data and analyse customer behaviour for next interaction. This allows Amazon to influence their experiences and lead them to the path of loyalty loop. The next touchpoint identified by Amazon is customers address. Any default in delivery process or product may cause anger and frustration while an error-free timely delivery may trigger satisfaction and loyalty. Thus, Amazon aims in making quick delivery with control over time and date (KPMG nunwood, 2015). This customization of shopping experience not only leaves their customers satisfied but also communicates their importance and acknowledges their other important engagements in personal life. The same is true for making returns and refunds of the products. Thus, Amazons ability to customize, humanize and meeting customer expectations through tools like process mapping and customer experience mapping is the key that is making the brand most valuable. Role of Performance Measurement and Improvement Once organisational process and objectives are set and products or services are delivered, it becomes necessary to measure the performance of those processes, objectives and offerings to ensure the quality. The continuously changing business environment and growing competition has mandated a need for measurement system to remain competitive in market (Epstein, 2004). Amazon, being online retailer lacks the ability to personally interact with its customers. However, the company has adopted numerous measures to measure their customer experiences. It allows customers to rate their experiences and instituted internal mechanism to monitor third-party merchants. For example, third-party has to use company provided e-mails to communicate with their customers, which allows them to monitor conversations and identify the issues. Further, Amazon uses metrics like frequency of customer complains, order cancellations by merchants, site traffic, repeated purchases, customer feedback and others (Gr een, 2009). This helps Amazon to improve its services and provide good customer experience even through outside merchants. However, with a choice of tools and performance measurement indicators, organisations may face many issues. Along with choice of appropriate indicators or tools, organisations may lack focus. Thus, companies need to tailor their measurement approach to suit their requirements and ensure that their measures are properly recorded, analysed and provide insights to both senior and middle level managers. Conclusion It is clear that Amazon.com is a highly customer-centric organisation that emphasizes on customer experiences as its critical success factors. As a result, it is continuously leveraging its operations through use of lean, six-sigma and other principles to create highest value for its customers. Further, it is also using its internally generated data base and performance measures to provide lowest price, high convenience and unique personalization thereby creating value experiences that lead to loyal customer base and high revenue growth. Reference Accounts Commission (2000) The map to success: using process mapping to improve performance. Scotland: Audit Scotland. Agus, A. and Shukri Hajinoor, M. (2012) Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product quality and business performance: Case study of manufacturing companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 29(1), pp.92-121. Bamford, D. And Forrester, P. (2010) Essential Guide to Operations Management Concepts and Case Notes. NY: John Wiley and Sons. Bixby, C. (2015) Amazon: Making History, Technology and Operations Management: Harvard Business School. [Online]. Available at: https://rctom.hbs.org/submission/amazon-making-history/ (Accessed: April 17, 2017). Crosson, S. and Needles, B. (2011) Managerial Accounting, 9th ed. OH: South-Western. Edelman, D. And Singer, M. (2015) Competing on Customer Journey, Harvard Business Review. [Online]. Available at: https://hbr.org/2015/11/competing-on-customer-journeys (Accessed: April 17, 2017). Epstein, M. (2004) Start to measure your E-commerce success, Working Knowledge: Harvard Business School. [Online]. Available at: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/start-to-measure-your-e-commerce-success (Accessed: April 17, 2017). Green, H. (2009) How Amazon aims to keep you clicking, Bloomberg. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2009-02-18/how-amazon-aims-to-keep-you-clicking (Accessed: April 17, 2017). Gunasekaran, A. And Ngai, E. (2012) The Future of operations management: an outlook and analysis, International Journal of Production Economics, 135(2), pp.687-701. KPMG nunwood (2015) How customer experience mapping keeps Amazon in the UK CEE top 10. [Online]. Available at: https://www.nunwood.com/customer-experience-mapping-keeps-amazon-uk-cee-top-10/ (Accessed: April 12, 2017). Morning Star (2017) Amazon.com, Inc. [Online]. Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/company-profile/c.action?t=AMZN (Accessed: April 12, 2017). Onetto, M. (2014) When Toyota met e-commerce: Lean at Amazon, McKinsey Quarterly. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/when-toyota-met-e-commerce-lean-at-amazon (Accessed: April 17, 2017). Power, B. (2010) When is Process Improvement Strategically Important?, Harvard Business Review. [Online]. Available at: https://hbr.org/2010/10/i-admit-im-a-process (Accessed: April 12, 2017). Richardson, A. (2010) Using customer journey maps to improve customer experience.Harvard Business Review,15(1). Slack, N. (2008) Operations and Process Management: principles and practices for strategic impact. London: Prentice Hall. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A. And Johnston, R. (2013) Operations Management, 7th ed. London: Pearson Education. Vault (2017) Amazon.com, Inc.: Overview. [Online]. Available at: https://www.vault.com/company-profiles/retail/amazoncom,-inc/company-overview.aspx (Accessed: April 12, 2017). Wohlsen, M. (2015) A Rare Peek Inside Amazons Massive Wish-Fulfilling Machine, Wired [Online]. Available at: https://www.wired.com/2014/06/inside-amazon-warehouse/ (Accessed: April 17, 2017). Zink, J. (2016) The Customer Journey in the Digital World Thank You Amazon, Apple, Uber and Zappos, Centric. [Online]. Available at: https://centricconsulting.com/the-customer-journey-in-the-digital-world-thank-you-amazon-apple-uber-and-zappos/ (Accessed: April 17, 2017).

Defining research problem and setting objectives free essay sample

Reviewing what is already known about a problem situation through the search for related literature and studies is an essential part of the research process. A good review of information will suggest the social, economic, political, cultural and historical aspects of the problem. This wille help to narrow the focus of the proposed investigation. IT will indicate the major theoretical concepts and operational variables other researchers have considered important. It will suggest possible research hypotheses that need to be tested and it will help the researcher avoid the areas of study which have already been explored by other researchers many times over. a. Defining Research Problem (Non-developmental research) Title is used as â€Å"guide† in the search for literature and developing the outline of your paper. Example: â€Å"THE ACCEPTABILITY OF HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM (HRIS) USING BIOMETRICS AT QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY: BASIS FOR IMPLEMENTATION† Having chosen the specific topic for your thesis, it is definite that you have something in mind that is finding a solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining research problem and setting objectives or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It must be something which can be a technological need or problem. The problem must be well-defined. It is important that you identify the Main Problem or the overall problem and the Specific Problems relating to your thesis proposal. In defining your research problem, it is necessary that you create interest in your reader. The introduction in your problem definition or statement of the problem should present why you choose a particular topic or subject. There are various ways on how you can present the introduction. Some do it by asking questions which would lead to the presentation of the identified problem. Others start with a narrative story on how the problem came about or how it was discovered. There are people who begin with current and relevant issues in their introduction. But although there are different approaches in writing the introduction, the objective remains the same –to show that the problem being considered for research really exists. Examples are: Main problem: How to determine the acceptability of the HRIS using biometrics for QCPU, if it will totally eliminate the inaccuracies and/or inconsistencies of the present attendance/time monitoring system of the faculty and staff? Specific Problems: 1) The time/attendance record of the faculty and staff which is the basis of salary computation is unreliable. 2) The available commercial computer software for attendance monitoring is very expensive. 3) The computation of salaries/honorarium is done manually which is a very slow process. b. Setting the Research Objectives (Developmental research) Title is used as â€Å"guide† in the search for literature and developing the outline of your paper. Example: â€Å"HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRICS FOR QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY† It is equally important that the objectives why you are pursuing this particular thesis proposal must be established. The objectives are identified as to General or Main Objectives and Specific Objectives. General Objective: The general objective of the study is to develop and evaluate accurate and reliable employees’ time/attendance capturing system for QCPU faculty and staff using Biometrics. Specific Objectives: The study has the following specific objectives: 1) To design a system that would capture the time/attendance of faculty and staff using biometrics. 2) To construct a computer-based system of attendance monitoring that is cost-effective and is capable of generating daily, weekly, monthly reports. 3) To design a centralized database using Vb.Net and MySQL 4) To evaluate the performance of the developed system. 2. The Research Title Characteristics of a research title: a. The title signifies a very timely and significant contribution to the needs of society in general and to the agency in particular. b. The title of a thesis should be a specific and concise statement of the topic c. It should refer to the major variables or theoretical issues investigated; d. Its principal function is to inform the reader about the study, therefore, it should be explanatory by itself; e. The title should focus on the topic investigated and the main variables studied. f. The recommended maximum length for the title is 10 to 20 substantive words. Formulate the Research Title Title is used as â€Å"guide† in the search for literature and developing the outline of your paper. Example: a. â€Å"ACCEPTABILITY OF HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRICS AT QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY: BASIS FOR IMPLEMENTATION† (non-developmental research) b. â€Å"HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRICS FOR QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY† (developmental research)

Immanuel Kants

Immanuel Kant’s duty theory can be considered as an element of the deontological ethics. It is the duty that every person has to follow according to moral ethics. All the right or wrong actions of the individuals are not depended on possible consequences of these actions, but rather serve to fulfill the duty. However, it is impossible to insist on the good motives of something without providing any convincing facts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Immanuel Kant’s – Duty Theory of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good reasoning should be a performance of our duty and demonstrate a will of goodness. Kant indicates that some good issues do not necessarily contain a meaning of the consequences and results, it is good in itself. Performing of our duty has to be based on the understanding of its major parts and significance. A duty is a necessity to act taking into consideration law issues . In order to get a better understanding of a duty, it is important to investigate two notions of Kant, such as the categorical imperative and hypothetical imperative. An imperative is the statement that indicates the individual the way of behavior. The hypothetical imperative includes a form of the conditional statement; thereby this position provides the instructions for a specific goal’s achievement, while the categorical imperative gives the instructions which have to be followed regardless of one’s goals (Meerbote and Walford 15). The categorical imperative is a fundamental principle of Kant’s theory related to the individual moral ethics. For Kant, it is the absolute rule which cannot be overridden by other moral considerations. Therefore, according to Kant, morality has to be a basis of the categorical imperative. An individual is usually controlled by his morality and behaves according to one’s moral principles. Kant provides several definitions o f this principle. The first definition says that an action is permissible only in case it is performed from the position of a maximum. For Kant, a maximum is the universal law that should be followed by everyone (Meerbote and Walford 15). A maximum is the basis for every action including the voluntary one. It is the principle which everyone has to follow. For instance, the time one spends on charity has to be equal to the time he/she spends on eating. All maximums have a particular format that has to be followed in every circumstance. The universal law provides everyone with the opportunity to perform actions given under certain circumstances and motives. In other words, you have to act more carefully and in accordance with the particular circumstances.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It will be an example for other persons and lead to the similar behaviors of the ones who are facing the same situation. For instance, if I decided to lie in order to get some benefits, it would lead to the situation when everyone can easily lie to each other. So, what consequences will we have? Nobody will believe me and I will also have doubts about other people’s words. According to Solomon, in case the maximum of lying becomes universal there is no point to lie anymore. It is absolutely impermissible within the first categorical imperative notion (Solomon 5). Kant emphasizes that the notion of maximum contains several flaws in its application. Therefore, the philosopher provides the second notion. This formulation is based on the same moral principle, but it is more comprehensible and easier in the use. This notion indicates that action is permissible only in case the rational being is not treated. The philosopher believes that only humans are the rational creatures. Due to their intrinsic value, no one can be treated as an instrument of the desires fulfillment. People invo lved in this action should accept it voluntarily (Meerbote and Walford 15). According to Kant’s theory, lying is always a wrong action and, therefore, people should not get involved in it. However, due to the different life positions and moral principles of people, it is difficult to achieve the positions of this statement. There are always some specific circumstances which require the particular exclusions. For instance, if I have to lie in order to save someone’s life, isn’t it an exception to the rules? The present universal law can be considered from position of contradiction. As the result, people would not stop believing each other because they lie to save lives. Kant explores his theory with the relation to lying only. The maximums and other universal laws should be specified in the ways that could demonstrate the relevant features of any situation given. For instance, in this case, the situation of committing a murder in order to protect oneself can be c onsidered as an exception.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Immanuel Kant’s – Duty Theory of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The understanding of the universal maximum of lie is not an answer which helps choosing the right method of behavior in a situation when someone has to save the other person’s life. Therefore, Kant’s theory of ethics cannot be considered as the universal conception of the human behavior. However, comparing with the utilitarian system of ethics, Kant’s theory seems more applicable due to its objectives (Gregor 46). According to Kant’s theory, the system of ethics is very useful in guiding principle of human morality. However, this theory cannot be relevant in the complicated and vague situations. Immanuel Kant’s duty theory contains a good definition of morality and its particular elements, such as lying or stealing. Kant indicates tha t the goodness has not to contain a meaning of the consequences and results, it is good in itself. Works Cited Gregor, Mary. The Metaphysics of Morals. New York: Cambridge University Press,1975. Print. Meerbote, Ralf Walford, David. Theoretical Philosophy.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1992. Print. Solomon, Robert. Introducing Philosophy. Boston: Sage, 1997.Print. This essay on Immanuel Kant’s – Duty Theory of Ethics was written and submitted by user Nickolas U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Example Physical Therapy Consultation †Anatomy Paper

Example Physical Therapy Consultation – Anatomy Paper Free Online Research Papers This 19 y/o young man was seen today for a Physical Therapy consultation. This patient is known to me-I had seen him at Kids in Motion for several years when he was of pre-school age. Jaime presents with spastic diplegia-cerebral palsy, and has just moved back into the Midwest to continue his studies. He ambulates independently without a device, and has just secured his own apartment. Jaime is concerned over his physical status, especially with the physical effort and exhaustion in walking even short distances. In 2004, Jaime received adductor and Achilles tendon releases in Chile. He was unclear about hamstring or hip flexor releases as well. GAIT Very labored. Severe crouch gait. Speed is remarkably functional. even though step lengths are severely limited to 6 inches each side, Advances feet via hip hiking and swiveling at the 1umbar 5pine. To keep up his speed, Jaime is expending an extraordinary amount of energy by using a jogging cadence even while his walking companions are taking a leisurely stroll. Real concern over long term spine integrity. Feet extremely pronated. Knees in valgus, right more than left. Stands with feet behind the gravity line, knees flexed and adducted. Can barely separate legs to take steps. Can do stairs, but does them with even more exaggerated knee valgus as he descends and ascends. Circumducts legs in both cases. Little isolated hip flexion in walk or stairs. Endurance a real issue- quite out of breath even after a short 30 foot walk. This may account for Jaime’s account that he really eats huge meals, but has a hard time keeping his energy up. He presents as a thin, but well proportioned, young man in the trunk area, with overdeveloped quads (as he tries to hold himself up against gravity) and lower legs with inadequate bony growth and muscle deve1opment. STRENGTH It is very dear that Jaime has put forth massive effort throughout the years in his physical therapy program. Surprisingly, he truly has a grade 4 out of 5 strength in his dorsiflexors, quads, hips flexors, gluteals and abdominals when tested in supine; and throughout his shoulder girdle when tested in sitting. No problems initiating or sustaining muscle contractions. Brisk coordination. He plays guitar and is able to oppose thumb to each finger even in overhead positions. Strengthening should no longer be his main concern, except for his calf muscle groups and feet. I did encourage Jaime to join a gym and begin working with a physical therapist on proper use of weight equipment to continue his strengthening efforts. Beautiful sitting balance, with quick equilibrium responses. Jaime could take my maximal challenges to balance in quarduped in all planes. Very strong, stable trunk, as reflected in his ability to stand truly still without the typical excessive side-to-side weight shifts typically found in individuals with cerebral palsy. ROM Herein lies my main concerns. Note that when Jaime was lying at rest in supine, he was truly out of breath, even after resting for 10-15 minutes as I tested his ROM. Upon further exam, it was noted that Jaimes rib excursion was extremely poor throughout his thorax. He was unable to fully inflate his lungs, and he was over-dependent upon his diaphragm, for breath support. Chest expansion was obviously poor due to the real tightness found throughout his trunk. Although Jaime used great effort and strength to lift his arms overhead, he presents with 15 to 20 degree elbow flexion contractures, and shoulder abduction and overhead flexion of only 160 bilaterally, again due to tightness throughout the shoulder girdle. In sitting, cannot do side bends with his trunk at all-lateral flexion range in the thoracic spine almost zero. In sitting, could actively rotate trunk to left to 50-60 degrees, but could not rotate trunk to right more than 10 degrees at most, again due to tightness throughout. Lumbar spine is hyper mobile as Jaime compensates for complete lack of pelvic femoral dissociation. With great effort in standing, using upper extremity support on wall, Jaime can raise each knee and flex hip up 55 degrees max upwards when asked. Normally, a young man should easily be able to flex hip in single-leg stance to at least 120 degrees easily. Hamstring tightness really impedes ability to flex hip and take forward steps during gait. In fact, during gait, Jaime could only flex each hip 10- 20 degrees, resulting in the very severely limited step lengths described above. Note severe contractures throughout lower extremities. -Hamstrings Length Test Missing 90-100 degrees of the normal 180 degrees of expected range. -Thomas test Missing 30-40 degrees of hip flexor range bilaterally. -Hip abduction -limited to 10-15 degrees bilaterally. -Dosiflexors- Contracted. Cannot passively plantarflex feet beyond 15 degrees bilaterally. -Feet Severe pronation. Valgus deformity in midfoot. Hallux valgus bilaterally to the point where 2nd toe has been pushed into flexion on left foot. -Calcaneous Downwardly tipped. -Leg Length Discrepancy- Left tibia shorter than right. Appears left femur shortened also, but could be due to pelvic obliquity so could not be sure on this one-time consultation. The fact that the left tibia is shorter is obvious, and Jaime would benefit from a shoe lift. Further dynamic balance evaluation needed to determine amount of lift, but I would start with a 1/4 inch and recheck for changes to stand and gait balance. Summary. This very strong young man is putting forth massive effort each and every day to walk and move despite his very severe contractures throughout his lower legs, and despite his moderate plus limitations in his trunk and upper extremities. This effort is already taking a strong toll on his respiratory system and his breathing is compromised. Simply speaking, Jaime is working much too hard to make it through the day. Because of his wonderful determination and young age this has not stopped him as yet, but as he ages, he will find that he must limit his activities more and more. It is essential that all efforts are made to free his body of his many severe range of motion restrictions, and to manage his spasticity medically so that they do not return. Jaimes is in need of direct attention to the movement limitations of his ribcage, so that his breathing may become more efficient. Finally, orthotic management and strengthening of the lower legs must also commence, in a step-by-step manner, so that the ankle, foot and knee pain and early arthritis that is typical for young adults with CP and poor joint alignment can be delayed or averted. Jaime is at extreme risk for early and severe joint pain as he gets older. , Cornejo-page 4 of 4 Recommendations 1. Jaime must immediately seek out an orthopedist with extensive experience in cerebral palsy in his area. 2. Also, he must immediately connect with a spasticity management clinic, where the options of Baclofen (oral or pump) or Artane or other similar drug management can be explored. Botox is also an option for those muscle groups that are in need of extra attention, but the fact that he presents with real tightness throughout his body necessitates that he also explore systemic spasticity management with his physicians. There are excellent referral sources in the Chicago area, if the family desires. 3. Physical therapy should begin once medical management is in place, so that long-lasting results can occur. Note that only 3 years after his last orthopedic surgery, Jaime again presents with adduction contractures. To avoid repeat procedures, and resultant weakening of vital muscle groups, it is important that Jaime receive physical therapy and medical spasticity management in concert. This young man has worked very hard in the past, and wou1d like to see physical therapy supported by medical management. 4, Therapy should be done witl1 someone well-versed in soft tissue, manual therapy and myofascial release techniques, with the main goal of radically improving all muscle ranges. At this point in his lifespan, an NDT trained therapist is not needed. Rather, a therapist with advanced orthopedic techniques is recommended. 5. Orthotic management should also commence, starting perhaps with simple UCBLs, and moving on up to SMOs. Bracing to the AFO level is highly recommended against, as it will cause atrophy of the calf group and even more long-term problems remaining upright throughout Jaimes life. Rather the crouch gait should be approached by achieving proper hamstring and hip flexor lengths, and following up with much calf strengthening, i.e. stair work and push activities, including toe flexor strengthening. Please do not hesitate to contact me with any questions. My phone number is 800-555-0000. Jon H Doe, PT, PCS Research Papers on Example Physical Therapy Consultation - Anatomy PaperThe Hockey GameThree Concepts of PsychodynamicPETSTEL analysis of IndiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Spring and AutumnRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanGenetic EngineeringTrailblazing by Eric AndersonArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Staffing management plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Staffing management plan - Coursework Example This plan tries to identify processes that the project will undergo and procedures to be followed. The project will be done in reference to statewide information management manual. The manual will lead the project manager when executing duties during the project.  Document maintenance  The staffing management plan will be reviewed every six months and updated as soon as changes are realized. It will be mainly reviewed at every stage of the project, and what will be learned will help in standards upgrading of the project.  Ã‚  Staff planning  Requirement gathering – 10 1 week requirement analysis- 8 5 weeks  Design- 5 3weeksDevelopment-16 10 weeks  Testing -12 1 week maintenance – 6 continuous  Staff acquisition  WMO is a matrix organization that comprises of sponsored staff from foreign firms with consultant staff.  Staff training will be conducted on the basis that their stage will come net after the current one expires. Orientation will be conducted and when the project is on course to equip the staff with skills.The project manager will be assigned to a duty to manage daily operations of the project and how staff responds to the project at every stage.  The rewards of staffs will be reviewed weekly. Every staff will be paid at the rate of $10 per day. The total rewards for each staff will be $300.Staffing management plan is a very important when undertaking a project. The success of a project is determined by the strength of plan that is formulated.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 25

Marketing - Essay Example fragrance is a step in the right direction and Levi Strauss will not have any foreseeable problems in this venture being already a market leader in the apparels business which is also a part of the modeling scenario. However, the ride may not be smooth and it will take the company every effort from the launch of the new products to ensure that the perfume brand does not fall short on any count. The competition is tight and the present players in the field, including the grey market, are not likely to part with their market share without a fight. Internationally, the cosmetics and fragrance market is the domain of the affluent and the middle class. These sections of the population are vigilant. It is also a shifting clientele who are ever on the lookout for better products and will not bat an eyelid to change over to a new brand if it proves to be more effective. Cosmetics and fragrance are products of personal preferences and the packaging is as important as the product. The market is in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australia. The clients in each zone have tastes and habits peculiar to the region. Zonal cultures have a role in the preference of cosmetics and fragrance. Hence it is important to keep in view factors that influence sale of the products in different regions. After the launch, the product may require changes in content or outlook for acceptance in different regions. Do not take anything for granted and keep feedback notes so that changes wherever required can be made in the next production batch (Cosmetics market research). The management of territorial markets is necessary to monitor the performance of the products in a specific region. Every outlet is a specific locality and it is important to get the views of the local players for they are knowledgeable about customer needs. Big brands like L’Oreal have strong presence in local markets almost everywhere. L’Oreal invests substantially in research and development. This enables them to keep

Palestinian embroidery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Palestinian embroidery - Research Paper Example Embroidery in Palestine was used to portray the woman’s social class at that time. Currently, there are different styles and designs are applied in the embroidery trade. The different embroidery pattern can be traced back to different cultures. For example, the traditional designs were made by the village and Bedouin women. The designs were drawn from simple geometry and other shapes that governed their daily lives. The designs can be categorized into four main categories, namely ritual, technical, geographical, and structural.The techniques used included appliquà ©, weaving and dyeing. Palestine embroidery was divided into regions and this reflected the different cultures. An example is in the wedding dresses where the motifs of the Bedouin and village dresses differed. The fabrics used in embroidery were specific. Before the Palestine’s began importing materials, they used the locally available fabrics. These include linen, cotton, silk, and linen. These materials at times would be mixed in different percentages to give a new material. For example, the royal wedding dress used in Bethlehem weddings was made up of linen mixed with a high percentage of silk (malak). The most famous fabrics were white linen or cotton. In the villages and Bedouin, un-dyed linen and Indigo blue were the preferred colors for both sexes. For the mens clothes, soft wool and atlas silk was used to make their clothes. Before the production of synthetic dyes, the Palestine women used colors derived from insects and local plants. For example, the color red was derived from the insect cochineal. Indigo was mainly obtained from plants (Indigofera tinctoria) 1.Even with the arrival of synthetic dyes, many women preferred using naturally obtained dyes as they did not fade away even with numerous washing as compared with synthetic dyes which fades off after washing. Motifs were of special importance in Palestine. This is because the way a woman

Dental Prosthetic Options

Dental Prosthetic Options S.N.: Introduction: Prosthetic options to replace a missing tooth fall into two main categories: Fixed prostheses and removable prostheses. When choosing the suitable treatment option to replace a missing upper incisor, multiple variables involving the patient wishes, expectations, dentist skills and training, cost of treatment, and clinical findings should be taken into consideration (Al-Quran et al., 2011). These factors will have a strong influence on the short and long terms success of the treatment selected. Based on the conservation of neighbouring teeth and annual failure rates, dental implants are the treatment of choice to replace a missing central maxillary incisor, followed by conventional bridges, and removal partial dentures (Pjetursson Lang, 2008). Facial growth in relation to age: Craniofacial development is a continuous process that starts intra-uterine and has shown different rates between males and females (Brahim, 2005) . Skeletal maturation in males is reported to be reached at the age of 20, while females reach the maturation phase earlier, at the age of 17-18 years (Heij et al., 2006). Therefore, it has been recommended, when selecting the prosthetic option to replace a missing tooth, to take the patient’s age into consideration. Dental Implants should be avoided until the cessation of jaw development mentioned earlier (Daftary et al., 2013) or after the end of the growth spurt (Heij et al., 2006). If dental implants are used before the vertical maturation is reached, it will not grow vertically with the alveolar bone and will be submerged at different levels depending at the patient’s age when the implants were inserted (Brahim, 2005). Dental trauma and the surrounding tissues: In most scenarios, it is rare that a single incisor will be traumatized with no damage on adjacent incisors, surrounding bone, or soft tissues. If any damage sustained to neighbouring teeth, the status and prognosis of these teeth should be assessed, as it will have a strong impact on the selection of the definitive treatment option. Traumatic avulsion of teeth, account for 0.5% 3% of all dentoalveolar trauma, and it is associated with damage to the alveolar bone, specially the buccal plate (Andreasen, 1970). After tooth extraction, reduction of the alveolar bone height and width can be as high as 50% in the first year (Schropp L, 2004) with the highest amount of bone loss within the first three months (Pietrokovski Massler, 1967). Bone loss is not even between the buccal and palatal bone plates, with more bone loss in the buccal plate (Pietrokovski Massler, 1967) and bone width than height (Van Der Weijden et al., 2009). There are several treatment options that could be used for replacing a lost maxillary central incisor: Removable Partial Denture (RPD): RPD have the advantages of minimal clinical skills required, minimal chair time, and preservation of neighbouring teeth. On the other hand, the patient satisfaction is low, with a sense of insecurity, high risk of accidental breakage, and loss. Still, RPD is the quickest, cheapest replacement option of a missing incisor, and usually used as a temporary treatment until healing is complete and bone remodelling is minimal. Resin Retained Fixed Bridges (RRB): Resin retained bridges share the advantage of removable dentures of having minimal effect on abutment teeth with no risk of pulpal injury and the reversible nature of the prostheses. It is also relatively of low cost and acceptable aesthetic result (metal frame could be masked by opaque cement on expense of translucency). The commonest failure associated with RRB is frequent debonding of 20% over 5 years (Pjetursson et al., 2008) which could cause social embarrassment to the patient. The patient could also be given an Essex Type retainer with a single tooth in the gap as an emergency prosthesis until recementation of the resin retained bridge is done. RRB could be used as a final prosthetic option but more often is used as an interim measure as it could be reversed at any time, with 87.7% 5 years prognosis (Pjetursson et al., 2008) If the prosthesis is planned to be a temporary option, Rochette type wings are made with holes to facilitate frequent removal. Conventional Bridge: This is an irreversible treatment, replacing the missing tooth with a 2 or 3 units’ conventional bridge. These offer superior retention and aesthetics over RRB by the mean of full coverage of the abutment teeth. The main drawback is the need to reduce the sound tooth structure of the abutments with 20% risk of nerve damage and higher caries risk. The reduction of tooth structure is more for porcelain fused to metal or full ceramic/Zirconia crowns than full crown which is a requirement in the anterior aesthetic zone. According to previous studies, â€Å"if the adjacent teeth are severed, or in need of being crowned, the conventional bridge is to be preferred (Annual failure rate: 1.14%)† (Pjetursson Lang, 2008). The success rate is reported to be 90 % for 10 years and 72% for 15 years (Pjetursson et al., 2008) and (Burke Lucarotti, 2012). Endosseous dental implants: When considering the success rate, dental implants are reported to have the highest documented survival rate of 94% for 5 years (Attard Zarb, 2003) and 89% over 15 years (Pjetursson et al., 2008). Dental Implants have numerous advantages over the previously mentioned treatment options. Comparing dental implants to other fixed treatment modalities, there is no danger of pulpable damage of adjacent teeth, as no abutment teeth preparation is involved. Implants also facilitate the patient’s daily oral hygiene routines around the prosthesis, since there are no connectors between the prostheses and abutment teeth, making flossing possible. Furthermore, the maintenance and regular follow ups by the dentist is easier for dental implants. Removing a conventional bridge is a challenging task compared to screw retained implant supported crowns which could be removed and re-inserted multiple times when required (not applicable to cemented crowns). For implant supported restorations in the anterior maxillary region, a detailed patient assessment, implant site assessment, and proper treatment planning is the key for a successful restoration. The planning should be derived from the restorative point of view not guided by the availability of bone. The following points should be carefully assessed: Lip position at rest and smile: The patient’s aesthetic expectations should be coupled with the upper lip position at rest and when smiling. In most cases, 2 mm of the incisal edge of the central incisors should show at rest, and it could be either 100% of all the incisors (high smile line), more than 75% visible (medium smile line), or (low smile line) showing less than 75% of the incisors. With low smile line lip position, the aesthetic challenges are lower, and the emphasis on soft tissue contouring and papilla regeneration is also lower (Tjan et al., 1984). If the patient’s expectations are high while having high smile line, patient education should take place prior to implant treatment as the implant treatment could be deemed a failure if did not meet the patient’s aesthetic requirements despite been successful in every other aspect. Attached gingiva and surrounding soft tissue: The attached gingiva could have thick, moderate, or thin architecture. Thick gingiva is more common than the thin biotype; it appears as a more stippled, flat fibrous band of attached mucosa, masking the underlying bony contours. It is associated with higher resistance to recession, better soft tissue contouring, and resistance to peri-implant disease. On the other hand, thin gingival biotypes are found in 15% of population (Tjan et al., 1984) and it is a thinner mucosal layer with the bony scalloping showing through it. This type is more prone to exposure of the implant and compromising the aesthetic result (Tjan et al., 1984). The thin biotype has been associated with long triangular teeth and more incisally positioned contact points, while the thick biotype is associated with shorter, square crowns with more apically positioned contact points (hence, more papillary regeneration). Implant size used: Implant size has a direct effect on the emergence profile of the coronal restoration and aesthetics. Natural existing teeth and available bone are helping factors when selecting the right implant diameter, while implant length should provide a safety distance to the surrounding anatomical structures. The implant diameter should allow 1.5 mm between implant and neighbouring teeth (and 3mm between adjacent implant fixtures) (Jivraj Chee, 2006). The gingival biotype also should not be overlooked when selecting the fixture diameter, for example; if wider implants are used with thin gingival biotype, the risk of recession is higher (Rodriguez Rosenstiel, 2012). Implant position: For the most aesthetic emergence profile, implants should be placed 1.5 mm – 2 mm from the adjacent tooth, 3mm – 4mm apical to CEJ (Jivraj Chee, 2006), and ideally should be placed under the proposed cingulum of the coronal restoration. A diagnostic wax up and a prefabricated surgical stent are of very important in deciding the crown and implant positions, and evaluating the amount of bony defect and the need for bone graft. Transfaring the surgical stent into the patient’s mouth will allow the visualization of the amount of incisor show and smile lines. The implant position and angulation will dictate the abutment type and the retention method used for the restoration (screw or cement retained). Available bone quality and quantity: Bone density has been classified by Lekholm and Zarb (1985) into 4 categories: Homogenous compact bone, Thick cortical bone around dense trabecular bone, Dense trabecular bone covered by thin cortical bone, Very thin cortex enclosing minimal density trabeculae. Types 3 and 4 are associated with more failure rates, and are more found in the maxilla. Therefore, under -preparation of the osteotomy site could be done to gain higher initial stability. Branemark et al 1977 defined ossteointegeration as â€Å"direct structural and functional connection between living bone and load carrying implant†. Implant fixture should be in direct contact with healthy bone in three dimensions. Therefore, the amount of available bone required around any dental implant is 1.5 mm buccally and palatally, 3 mm between adjacent implants and at least 1.5mm -2mm between implants and adjacent teeth (Misch, 2008) and (Rodriguez Rosenstiel, 2012). If buccal bone width is not sufficient, a smaller diameter implant that will be functionally and aesthetically sound could be selected. It will also allow slight palatal positioning (Rodriguez Rosenstiel, 2012). Bone grafting/augmentation procedure could be done to add the bone thickness (Esposito et al., 2009) and bone could be sourced from: Patient’s own bone (Autogenous graft): commonly could be harvested from calvarian bone, iliac crest, mandibular ramus or chin. This provides highest reported success rates (Esposito et al., 2009). Different human bone (Allograft): usually from cadaveric bone. Bone undergoes special treatment to be deproteinized and freezed (Esposito et al., 2009). Animal sources (Xenograft) usually cows or pigs. Synthetic materials (Alloplast): artificial graft material which could be used solely or in conjunction with autogenous grafts (Esposito et al., 2009). Bone regeneration membranes: these are used to act as a barrier between the superficial soft tissue and the grafted bone or material to prevent ingrowth of the fibrous tissue and allow pure bone development. These membranes could be either natural or synthetic, resorbable or non- resporbable. If block bone graft is used, it should be allowed to heal for minimum 3 months before implant placement, while bone augmentation with alloplastic materials and membranes could be done simultaneously (Esposito et al., 2009). It is worth mentioning that porcine- derived bone and membranes may not be acceptable by some patients based on their religious beliefs and a specific consent should be obtained. The bone height will also impact the papilla formation, together with the crown shape and level of contact points; the papilla regeneration is favourable is square crown, broad apical contact points, and when the distance is around 4-5 mm between bone crest and contact points (Rodriguez Rosenstiel, 2012) and (Tarnow et al., 2003). Vertical bone augmentation has been shown to be unpredictable (Esposito et al., 2009) and the patient should be aware of the black triangles (lack of papilla) if vertical bone is deficient (Tarnow et al., 2003). Conclusion: Based on the previously discussed factors and the evidence available, dental implant would be the treatment of choice if the neighbouring teeth are of good prognosis and the aesthetic results are realistic. It is safe to place an implant in 20 years old male, as the growth of the jaws is complete. A diagnostic wax up and stent could be made to evaluate the aesthetics, and available bone. A 4.5 mm buccal width is not enough to place a suitable size implant in a suitable bony envelope, so a block done graft for will be needed before the implant placement. If the source of the trauma was sports related and likely to occur again, a mouth guard should be worn to protect the implant and teeth during activity. Bibliography Abt, E.C.A.B.W.H.V., 2012. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), (2). Al-Quran, Firas F., A.-G.R. N, A.-Z.B., 2011. Single-tooth replacement: factors affecting different prosthetic treatment modalities. BMC Oral Health, 11(1), p.34. Andreasen, J.O., 1970. Etiology and pathogenesis of traumatic dental injuries A clinical study of 1,298 cases. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 78(1-4), pp.329-42. Andreasen, J.O., 2007. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 4th ed. Copenhagen: Blackwell Munksgaard. Attard, N.J. Zarb, G.A., 2003. Implant prosthodontic management of partially edentulous patients missing posterior teeth: The Toronto experience. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 89(4), pp.352-59. Brahim, J.S., 2005. Dental implants in children. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America, 17(4), pp.375-81. Burke, F.J.T. Lucarotti, P.S.K., 2012. Ten year survival of bridges placed in the General Dental Services in England And Wales. Journal of Dentistry, 40(11), pp.886-95. Daftary, F., Mahallati, R., Bahat, O. Sullivan, R.M., 2013. Lifelong craniofacial growth and the implications for osseointegrated implants. he International journal of oral maxillofacial implants, 28(1), pp.163-9. Day, P. Duggal, M., 2010. Interventions for treating traumatized permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted. The Cochrane Library, (1). Eghbali, A., De Rouck, T., De Bruyn, H. Cosyn, J., 2009. The gingival biotype assessed by experienced and inexperienced clinicians. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 36(11), pp.958-963. Esposito, M. et al., 2009. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment (Review). The Cochrane Library, (4). Heij, D.G.O. et al., 2006. Facial development, continuous tooth eruption, and mesial drift as compromising factors for implant placement. The International journal of oral maxillofacial implants, 21(6), pp.867-78. Jivraj, S. Chee, W., 2006. Treatment planning of implants in the aesthetic zone. British Dental Journal, 201(2), p.77. Misch, C.E., 2008. Contemporary Implant Dentistry. 3rd ed. Mosby. Pietrokovski, J. Massler, M., 1967. Alveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 17(1), pp.21-7. Pjetursson, B.E. Lang, N.P., 2008. Prosthetic treatment planning on the basis of scientific evidence. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 35(1), pp.72-79. Pjetursson, B.E. et al., 2008. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of resinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ bonded bridges after an observation period of at least 5 years. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 19(2), pp.131-41. Rodriguez, A.M. Rosenstiel, S.F., 2012. Esthetic considerations related to bone and soft tissue maintenance and development around dental implants: Report of the Committee on Research in Fixed Prosthodontics of the American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 108(4), pp.259-67. S. Jivraj, W.C., 2006. Rationale for dental implants. BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL, 200(12), pp.661-65. Schropp L, W.A.K.L.K.T., 2004. Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction: A clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 91(1), pp.92-92. Tarnow, D. et al., 2003. Vertical distance from the crest of bone to the height of the interproximal papilla between adjacent implants. Journal of periodontology, 74(12), pp.1785-8. Tjan, A.H.L., Miller, G.D. The, J.G.P., 1984. Some esthetic factors in a smile. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 51(1), pp.24-28. Van Der Weijden, F., Dell Acqua, F. Slot, D.E., 2009. Alveolar bone dimensional changes of postà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ extraction sockets in humans: a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 36(12), pp.1048-58.

Bankruptcy Essay -- essays research papers

Bankruptcy, today, is a very common thing among companies and individuals alike. Sadly enough there were as many bankruptcy cases filed in federal courts, as there were all other cases. The American bankruptcy law allows people to avoid paying their debts, by offering the debtors a discharge, which eliminates all their legal responsibilities. However, bankruptcy is a controversial issue amongst religious members of the Jewish population, for one must question whether it is morally correct to avoid paying a dept by filing for bankruptcy. According to the torah, a debt is an obligation that must be fulfilled. Consequently, if a bankruptcy discharge is invoked, under the strictness of Jewish law, one is still required to pay back the money no matter how long it may take him. According to Bais Din the debtor must hand over his property, with a few exclusions, to the creditor, and if this does not cover what he owes the creditor, then every time the debtor acquires new assets, he pays the creditor until he no longer owes him anything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Halacha there is a way for the debtor to be discharged. This is through â€Å"Yeush†. This term denotes that this is the point where a person no longer believes he will recover the object he has lost. In this case, the creditor loses hope of being paid back the money the debtor owes him. Therefore the debtor is free from his obligation to pay the creditor. According to some poskim, yeush does not discharge the debtor, unless the circumstances, such as where the debtors fields are ruined by a flood, the debtor is in, makes the creditor lose hope of ever being paid back According to others, yeush can discharge the debt if the debtor becomes impoverished only and not because he didn’t want to pay back his debt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the debtor does not become discharged through the creditors yeush, there is one of two ways to obtain a bankruptcy discharge through halacha. The first way is through liquidation. This is where the debtor hands over all his property, with keeping some exempt property, and this covers his debt to the creditors and he is now free of his obligation to pay them. The second way is through reorganization. The debtor makes a plan to repay his creditors over a number of years, with a minimum payment required for each year. When he has finished with these payments,... ...t that the halacha is in accordance with one aspect of the debate, this being called â€Å"kim li†. Now the plaintiff, the creditor, can only win if he proves his case according to the view chosen by the defendant. In this case of a â€Å"kim li†, bais din has to determine whether dina d’malchusa dina applies to a bankruptcy discharge. As mentioned above, the Rema states that it does, and therefore the defendant may win this case and be free of debt. However, there is a question now as to whether the defendant should pay the creditor because of religious obligation. In a regular bankruptcy discharge, the debtor is free of all his debt and thus it may assumed in this case that the defendant is free from debt because of the use of â€Å"kim li†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Working through secular law, unfortunately, may be the only way to clear debts owed between many. Although it is not the preferred way to do business, especially between religious Jews, it is the way the world works and it makes it easier to get rid of the debt between Jews and non-Jews. This paper is a very revised version of bankruptcy and the Halacha perspective, but I hope it provides all the information that is necessary. Bankruptcy Essay -- essays research papers Bankruptcy, today, is a very common thing among companies and individuals alike. Sadly enough there were as many bankruptcy cases filed in federal courts, as there were all other cases. The American bankruptcy law allows people to avoid paying their debts, by offering the debtors a discharge, which eliminates all their legal responsibilities. However, bankruptcy is a controversial issue amongst religious members of the Jewish population, for one must question whether it is morally correct to avoid paying a dept by filing for bankruptcy. According to the torah, a debt is an obligation that must be fulfilled. Consequently, if a bankruptcy discharge is invoked, under the strictness of Jewish law, one is still required to pay back the money no matter how long it may take him. According to Bais Din the debtor must hand over his property, with a few exclusions, to the creditor, and if this does not cover what he owes the creditor, then every time the debtor acquires new assets, he pays the creditor until he no longer owes him anything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Halacha there is a way for the debtor to be discharged. This is through â€Å"Yeush†. This term denotes that this is the point where a person no longer believes he will recover the object he has lost. In this case, the creditor loses hope of being paid back the money the debtor owes him. Therefore the debtor is free from his obligation to pay the creditor. According to some poskim, yeush does not discharge the debtor, unless the circumstances, such as where the debtors fields are ruined by a flood, the debtor is in, makes the creditor lose hope of ever being paid back According to others, yeush can discharge the debt if the debtor becomes impoverished only and not because he didn’t want to pay back his debt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the debtor does not become discharged through the creditors yeush, there is one of two ways to obtain a bankruptcy discharge through halacha. The first way is through liquidation. This is where the debtor hands over all his property, with keeping some exempt property, and this covers his debt to the creditors and he is now free of his obligation to pay them. The second way is through reorganization. The debtor makes a plan to repay his creditors over a number of years, with a minimum payment required for each year. When he has finished with these payments,... ...t that the halacha is in accordance with one aspect of the debate, this being called â€Å"kim li†. Now the plaintiff, the creditor, can only win if he proves his case according to the view chosen by the defendant. In this case of a â€Å"kim li†, bais din has to determine whether dina d’malchusa dina applies to a bankruptcy discharge. As mentioned above, the Rema states that it does, and therefore the defendant may win this case and be free of debt. However, there is a question now as to whether the defendant should pay the creditor because of religious obligation. In a regular bankruptcy discharge, the debtor is free of all his debt and thus it may assumed in this case that the defendant is free from debt because of the use of â€Å"kim li†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Working through secular law, unfortunately, may be the only way to clear debts owed between many. Although it is not the preferred way to do business, especially between religious Jews, it is the way the world works and it makes it easier to get rid of the debt between Jews and non-Jews. This paper is a very revised version of bankruptcy and the Halacha perspective, but I hope it provides all the information that is necessary.

Goals

Write down one of your SMART goals as a college student. Date: 25 July 2014 Proof. Aid Alfalfa My SMART goal as a college student is to finish college and graduate with a degree in Chemical Engineering. The reason for choosing this course is that I particularly like Chemistry and would like to work in the fields involving Chemistry. Furthermore, to study Chemical Engineering at M. I. T. Ill be do a tremendous amount of help to me. 2. Explain how this goal can be made: a) Specific To be specific about my goal, I want to fully graduate at M.I. T. With a degree in Chemical Engineering. As I have mentioned earlier, I have taken a liking to Chemistry, and furthermore, I achieved good grades in Chemistry during High school. If I do graduate, I will be able to get a Job in such a diverse field of work. B) Measurable To measure the progress of this goal, it will be accomplished within 4 to 5 years. Within the course of each year, it will obviously become harder to achieve this goal, due to g rowing amount of subjects, projects, assignments and the like. To put certain points to check on the progress would be, finishing each year's load of subjects. ) Achievable To achieve this goal, I have to study. As simple as it sounds, it is not simple in action, as I would need to be persistent & hardworking towards my studies. This will be very hard to achieve but it is worthwhile. D) Realistic Reason being for this goal to be very rewarding, is the widely open and diverse field of work I can be able to get into. Furthermore, in today's day and age, there is a great need of engineers, and a greater need for Chemical Engineers. This suits me Just fine, as I often think that I have an aptitude for Science. E) Time bound As fore mentioned, this goal will be achieved in 4 to 5 years.Even though this course is usually done within 5 years, M. I. T. Is able to produce engineers within 4 years. Within this timeshare, I will be able to learn and achieve many other things along the way. 3. Write a plan of action Goal To graduate at M. I. T. With a degree in Chemical Engineering. Specific Actions to be taken -To study with persistence and hard work -To persevere in the following years -Be able to make friends and get along with many other students Timeshare Within this timeshare, I would need to accomplish many subjects to graduate, major subjects such as Science and Mathematics, and other subjects, such as NSP and Humanities.

Billie Holiday (Lady Day) essays

Billie Holiday (Lady Day) essays Billie Holiday,also known as Lady Day was born in Baltimore in 1915. She spent hard time in her childhood. Billie Holiday's grandfather was one of 17 children of a black Virginia slave and a white Irish plantation owner. She was born from 15 year-old father and 13 year-old mother. It is shown in the first line of her famous autobiography Lady Sings the Blues, "Mom and Pop were just a couple of kids when they got married. He was eighteen, she was sixteen, and I was three." Her musician father left the family early, and her mother wasn't able to keep her consistently which resulted in Billie often being put in care or relatives who abused her. She was raped at age of 11, became a prostitute when she was 14, and was arrested for prostitution year after. She moved to New York in 1929 and started working as a maid and a prostitute, and made her singing debut in bars and restaurants. In 1935, she recorded for sides that contains What a Little Moonlight Can Do, and Miss Brown to You, and acquired her recording contract. Lady Day was with Count Basies Orchestra in 1937. However, only three songs from radio broadcast are the all exist works because they were signed to different labels. She also worked with Artie Shaws Orchestra for a while next year, but the same kind of problem happened and only one song was recorded. She had her voice at its strongest during the period with Decca between 1944-1949, and she made her biggest hit with Love Man. Unfortunately, she became addicted to heroin and put in jail just after this period. She became famous, and Lady Day got a chance to make one Hollywood movie in 1964. She was not really pleased by playing maid, she came to perform with Louis Armstrong who is her early idol. After 1950, her story slowly starts declining. Due to the heroin abuse and excessive drinking continued, her voice was deteriorating fast, and by 1956 she was completely past her prime. Her final accomplishm...

Beowulf vs Ulysses Essays

Beowulf vs Ulysses Essays Beowulf vs Ulysses Essay Beowulf vs Ulysses Essay Contrast: Ulysses and Beowulf When an individual envisions epic poetry, you cant help but think of dragons, heroes and huge battles. In the two epic poems Ulysses by Lord Tennyson and Beowulf translated by Burton Raffle, you find the two major heroes who are very intelligent above all other heroic attributes. Throughout each epic, you find the hero using the combination of strength, intelligence and unbreakable courage. The heroes are natural born leaders, that others around them cannot help but be mesmerisms by. A major connected between the two epics was the definition of dervish is evident. Through the Journeys of the main characters, Beowulf and Ulysses are each portrayed as heroes in the poems as they lead their men on great adventures. While both display many characteristics of heroes and leaders, Beowulf first act of leadership in the poem is when he offers to fight Greened unarmed. This is an example of leadership because he is standing up above everyone else, when all the other men are scared to. While all the other men are fearful and worried about Greened attacking, Beowulf is able to stay fearlessly as he awaited the arrival of Greened. From Ulysses poem it is evident he was a true leader, captaining ships and winning many battles in the Trojan War. Beowulf was also a very prideful individual, for example in his fight against Grenade. He was trying to seem heroic fighting without a weapon. You can also see this as an example of Beowulf enormous about of pride; he wants the glory from killing Grenade and that glory would be given if he killed him without a weapon. But Beowulf only longed for fame leaped back Lento battle. He tossed his sword aside, Angry; the steel-edged blade lay where Theyd dropped it. If weapons were useless hed use Shes hands, the strength in is fingers. So fame comes to the men who mean to win it and care about nothing else! (Line 605-608) In the quote it is so present that Beowulf only seeks fame, and glory of defeating Greened.

Bodily Effects of Hazardous Materials Research Paper

Bodily Effects of Hazardous Materials - Research Paper Example Some technologically advanced landfills also leak from time to time. The tanks used to store petroleum or chemicals can easily leak and catch fire. Tanks in the underground can weaken and leak their hazardous materials. There are many risks when transporting hazardous materials, for example, when trucks overturn or train crash. People can also dump hazardous materials in sewer systems, warehouses that are abandoned or remote areas, ditches to escape the costs of safe dumping. There are three routes of entry that hazardous materials enter into the body: ingestion, absorption, and inhalation (SYKLI, 2012). Health risks commonly linked with hazardous materials are grouped as acute and chronic. It is a must for one to get medical attention when one is exposed to harmful materials. Most of these exposures have treatment if one takes immediate action. Acute/ immediate effects result from a short-time exposure to hazardous substances. Some of the immediate warning signs include headaches, nausea, dizziness, skin, eye or respiratory damage or irritation, unconsciousness and even death. The most noticeable and common warning signs are skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Occurrences of deaths are very rare, and the majority of these exposures can be treated if immediate attention is taken. Chronic/delayed effects occur after a long time exposure to hazardous materials. The exposure can also be very small over a lengthened period. The effects mainly target the liver and kidneys as all chemicals that get into the body pass through these organs. A perfect example of an unending health effect is called lung cancer from radon inhalation or cigarette smoke. There are some products that can cause large health risks, though used as directed. For instance, there are products taken off the market or banned due to their health or environmental risks, for example, those containing PCTs, PCBs, asbestos fibers, mercury, lead and arsenic

Corporate governenance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate governenance - Essay Example lowed by series of consequences in the capital markets including managerial, and accounting corruption or weakness of the internal control systems panel on activities of the financial institutions. Based on the above the global economy has witnessed the introduction of new terminology namely Corporate Governance to detect the weakness in the companies’ control. The concept of the Corporate Governance has been developed to direct the management and business inside and outside the company. The Corporate Governance function enables the company to ensure the existence of efficient systems, sets out responsibilities and duties of the board of directors’ members and the executive management of the company, considering that interest of the shareholders irrespective of their shareholding and the interests of the different stakeholders in the company should be protected (Menon and Joanne1997, p 564). The responsibility of the Corporate Governance is maintaining interest such genuine management of resources and engaging in environmental awareness of the shareholders and achieve fairness among them, strengthening the role of disclosure and transparency, and reiterate role of the management. The laws and regulatory policies of the business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have not given considerable attention to the concept of the Corporate Governance, except after the crisis of the Saudi Stock Exchange which took place in the second half of the year 2006 particularly 1/7/2006. In light of the flourished Saudi economy due to oil price soaring and availability of the cash along with the loans borrowing from the banks, individuals began to speculate in shares through availing loans from the banks and not from their own savings. Lack of transparencies in the market, misleading rumors, weakness of control from the Capital Market Authority and management of company’s speculations on the poor companies in terms of the financial position have increased (Ian and William 2005,

Discuss the influence of Christianity during the rise and fall of the Essay

Discuss the influence of Christianity during the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. OR Discuss the importance of Christianity during the Carolingian era - Essay Example His laws were based on Christianity and the dogma preached by the church would be seen as little more than Draconian today but in the Carolingian era the church saw Charlemagne as a hero for the faith (Story 15). His objectives for conquest could have been to encourage the growth of Christianity but power and repute certainly came with the conquests made by Charlemagne. These conquests were certainly beneficial to his standing in the eyes of other rulers around him who saw him as a competitor and those who saw him as a friend. It was this repute as a conqueror which led Pope Leo III to seek his assistance when the pope was removed from power and wished to regain his seat. The support of the pope meant a great deal to Charlemagne since it gave him the legitimacy as a king as well as a spiritual leader for his followers. This support was firmly established with Christian ideals when Charlemagne was made the Emperor of the Romans (Rogers 27). The coronation of Charlemagne was done by Pope Leo III and it took place a few days after Charlemagne had agreed to help the Pope regain his throne. The coronation was unannounced and is supposed to have happened when Charlemagne was leaning on the Altar to pray on Christmas day and the pope took the Iron Crown and placed it on Charlemagne’s head. The pope then announced that Charlemagne was Imperator Romanorum i.e. Emperor of the Romans. While it has been suggested that Charlemagne did not want this, West (345) and Bullough (352) imply that this was certainly wanted by Charlemagne since Christianity was an important aspect of his politics. Such a coronation gave him the blessings of the established church to do what he wanted to when the Pope was restored to power. This was called by Story as a â€Å"defining event that epitomizes the spirit of the age (Story 2)†. Of course this was not the first instance that

A Farewell to Arms Essay Example for Free

A Farewell to Arms Essay A writers job is to tell the truth ? Ernest Hemingway. This quote means that it is a writers job to convey some sort of truth or accuracy to the reader. I agree. This is shown in the novel, A Farewell to Arms, by Ernest Hemingway through the setting and characterization in the novel. It is also shown in the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee through the themes and setting of the novel. In the war novel, A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway demonstrates that it is a writers job to convey some sort of truth to the reader through the setting of the novel. This novel takes place during a time of war and shows what war is like, realistically. For a war novel, there is not a lot of fighting but instead more of getting from one place to another and the situations that occur in the interim. This portrays a truth to the reader because it shows how war is in reality and that it is not all death and destruction. Hemingway expresses the emotions of the characters accurately for time of war and conditions or situations the characters are put into. The author shows us the characters interact with each other and how they deal with the war surrounding them. For example, in Book III of the novel, the priest says that people that summer finally realized the war and that people were gentler because they had been beaten. This, truthfully, shows how war affects people and their emotions because it shows how they are disappointed. Through the setting of the play, Hemingway tells the truth by stating that people are trapped biologically because of their setting and the fact that it is human condition. In the novel, Frederic feels trapped because of Catherines pregnancy. In the novel, A Farwell to Arms, the author establishes that a writers job is to deliver accuracy and truth to the audience of the piece of work through characterization in the novel. Hemingway shows the reader what war can do to a person. He shows this through Frederics personality and his change throughout the story. Frederic went from an innocent man who joined the army because he was in Italy at the time and spoke the language and after a lot of experience becomes cynical. This work of literature also shows how war can be dehumanizing on an individual. In Book III, Frederic shoots at a sergeant and thinks nothing of killing another human being because thats what occurs in war. Another way that the author tells truth in this novel is by showing that some characters keep their morals and human values. For example, in Book III, Frederic stops his fellow officers from harassing the two young girls who needed a ride. During the war times, most men did not have respect for their fellow people but Hemingway shows the reader that a select few fight to keep their morals straight. In the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee confirms that a writers job is to tell the reader the truth through the themes of this novel. One theme of this novel is racism; the townspeople are prejudice towards Tom Robinson because hes black. Even though, many know and believe that he is innocent and he did not rape Mayella they still blame him and find him guilty in court. Another theme of this novel, that shows truth as well, is the coexistence of good and bad. Harper Lee shows his reader that in his story, just like it is in the real world, good and bad exists. The good in this story is Atticus and him trying to fight for Tom and stands up for him as his attorney to show he supports him even though the town turns against him and he knows he cant win. The bad in this story is racism and inequality. The author of this novel conveys a lot of truth because these problems still occur to this day in real life situations. Another important theme that expresses truth to us from the author is innocence and the loss of that innocence. When the novel begins, Scout and Jem seem very innocent to the evil in the world, mostly because they had not ever witnessed it. After they see the racism, prejudice and unjust treatment that are put onto many characters they start to lose that childlike innocence. This is a strong truth, to this day. Young innocent people are losing and missing out on a lot because of their environment and surroundings. In the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, the author shows the audience that the writers job is to distribute the truth to the reader through, the literary element, of setting. This story takes place in Maycomb, Alabama. Maycomb is home to many complacent, racist and prejudice people. The people of Maycomb try to ignore the truth that is plain to see by not acting on it. They let people in the town, who may be of different skin color like Tom Robinson, be stepped on and treated unfairly just because of his skin tone while many of the people of the town know he is innocent. During the course of the novel, the Great Depression is occurring. This sets the stage for poverty to be a strong point in this story. The characters make this a separation element. Another factor of setting that expresses truth in this novel being in the South in these days. The South had many rules and segregation laws concerning black citizens and white citizens. This caused an increase in the racism. As shown above, the two novels, A Farewell to Arms and To Kill A Mockingbird, both have many literary elements that help the author to express truth in his/her literary work. Some of these literary elements were setting, characterization and theme among many others.

How Society Viewed Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Aus

How Society Viewed Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Jane Austen was born in 1775 and spent most of her life in the countryside in a village called Steventon, Hampshire. She was the daughter of a clergyman, Reverend George Austen and her mother was called Cassandra Austen. She had a brief education starting at the age of seven and ending at eleven, when she settled at home. Like women in Austen’s society, she had little education due to the beliefs at the time; the only education she would have received would likely have been to up her social status, through marriage. She wrote â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† to portray society’s views of love and marriage to the reader and to shoe that marriages take place for different reasons. We see throughout the novel the excessive number of marriages and courtships that take place. The opening sentence â€Å"It’s a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in the possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† introduces the theme of love, marriage and money in an ironic way. The irony is contained in the fact that marriage is meant to be about love and happiness but clearly revolves around wealth and social standing. In the novel we see two established marriages take place; The Bennet’s and the Gardiner’s. Throughout the novel four other marriages take place; Lydia and Mr Wickham, Charlotte Lucas and Mr Collins, Elizabeth and Darcy and Jane and Mr Bingley. The marriage between Mr Collins and Charlotte Lucas is purely based on financial and social security not love or appearance, It was extremely common fro women in Austens era to marry and save themselves from spinsterhood and social security and to gain, the above mentioned, financial... ...however, that Darcy is her ideal match. Intelligent and forthright, he too has a tendency to judge too hastily and harshly, and his high birth and wealth make him overly proud and overly conscious of his social status. When he proposes to her, for instance, he dwells more on how unsuitable a match she is than on her charms, beauty, or anything else complimentary, â€Å"not handsome enough†. Here Darcy is reflecting society’s views of love and marriage because many people married for higher social status and financial status rather than for love and beauty. Pride and prejudice is a love story but does not reflect the romantic side. It gives the reader a sense of all the different kinds of relationships, none of them are the same. It shows that the ideal couple is difficult to find, the established marriages in the book being The Bennet’s and the Gardiner’s.